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Key to the NFPA Diamond

  • NFPA Rating System
    		•
  • NFPA Guidelines and Definitions
    		•

    NFPA Rating System

  • Health
    		•
  • Flamability
    		•
  • Reactivity
    		•

    HEALTH
    4DeadlyEven the slightest exposure to this substance would be life threatening. Only specialized protective clothing, for these materials, should be worn.
    3Extreme DangerSerious injury would result from exposure to this substance. Do not expose any body surface to these materials. Full protective measures should be taken.
    2DangerousExposure to this substance would be hazardous to health. Protective measures are indicated.
    1Slight HazardIrritation or minor injury would result from exposure to this substance. Protective measures are indicated.
    0No HazardExposure to this substance offers no significant risk to health.

    FLAMMABILITY
    4Below 73° FThis substance is very flammable, volatile or explosive depending on its state. Extreme caution should be used in handling or storing these materials.
    3Below 100° FFlammable, volatile or explosive under almost all normal temperature conditions. Exercise great caution in storing or handling these materials.
    2Below 200° FModerately heated conditions may ignite this substance. Caution procedures should be employed in handling.
    1Above 200° FThis substance must be preheated to ignite. Most combustible solids would be in this category.
    0Will Not BurnSubstances that will not burn.

    REACTIVITY
    4May DetonateSubstances that are readily capable of detonation or explosion at normal temperatures and pressures. Evacuate area if exposed to heat or fire.
    3ExplosiveSubstances that are readily capable of detonation or explosion by a strong initiating source, such as heat, shock or water. Monitor from behind explosion-resistant barriers.
    2UnstableViolent chemical changes are possible at normal or elevated temperatures and pressures. Potentially violent or explosive reaction may occur when mixed with water. Monitor from a safe distance.
    1Normally StableSubstances that may become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or when mixed with water. Approach with caution.
    0StableSubstances will remain stable when exposed to heat, pressure or water.

    NFPA Guidelines and Definitions

  • Skin Irritation
  • Dermal Toxicity
  • Eye Irritation
  • Inhalation Toxicity
  • Oral Toxicity

    • Skin Irritation

    Ratings corresponding to the following definitions are derived from data obtained from the test methods as described in 16 CFR 1500.41 and/or NAS Publication 1138, and categories of toxicity as described in 16 CFR 1500.3.

    1. Practically Non-Irritating: The undiluted product causes no noticeable irritation, or causes slight inflammation (edema and erythema skin reaction values of 0 or 1) of intact or abraded skin of rabbits during the study period. Primary Irritation Index of 0- 1.9.
       
    2. Moderately Irritating: The undiluted product causes well-defined inflammation (edema and erythema skin reaction values of 2) during the study period. Primary Irritation Index of 2-4.9.
       
    3. Primary Skin Irritant: The undiluted product causes moderate to severe inflammation (edema and erythema skin reaction values of 3 or 4) of the intact or abraded skin of rabbits during the study period. Primary Irritation Index of 5 or more.
       
    4. Corrosive: The undiluted product causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations of the tissue structure at the site of contact on intact or abraded skin of rabbits during the study period.
       

    Eye Irritation

    Ratings corresponding to the following definitions are derived from data obtained from test methods described in the 16 CFR 1500.42 graded pursuant to the Draize Scale for scoring ocular lesions and temporal reversibility criteria as set forth in NAS Publication 1138.

    1. Practically Non-Irritating: The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces no noticeable irritation, or slight transient conjunctival irritation. (Average Draize score range 0.00-15.0).
       
    2. Slightly Irritating: The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces slight to moderate conjunctival irritation, slight corneal involvement, and/or slight iritis. (Average Draize score range 15.1-25.0). The effects clear within 7 days.
       
    3. Moderately Irritating: The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces moderate corneal involvement with or without severe iritis. (Average Draize score range 25.1-50.0). The effects clear within 21 days.
       
    4. Severely Irritating (or Corrosive): The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits, produces severe corneal involvement with or without severe iritis. (Average Draize score range 50.1-110.0). The effects persist for 21 days or more.
       

    Oral Toxicity

    Ratings corresponding to the following definitions are derived from data obtained from the test methods and categories of toxicity as described in 16 CFR 1500.3.

    1. Non-Toxic: The probable lethal dose of undiluted product to 50% of the test animals determined from ingestion studies (LD50) is greater than 5 grams per kilogram of body weight.
       
    2. Toxic: The probably lethal dose of undiluted product to 50% of the test animals determined from ingestion studies (LD50) is greater than 50 milligrams and less than or equal to 5 grams per kilogram of body weight.
       
    3. Highly Toxic: The probably lethal dose of undiluted product to 50% of the test animals determined from ingestion studies (LD50) is less than or equal to 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
       

    Dermal Toxicity

    Ratings corresponding to the following definitions are derived from data obtained from the test methods as described in 16 CFR 1500.40, and categories of toxicity as described in 16 CFR 1500.3.

    1. Non-Toxic: The probably lethal dose of undiluted product to 50% of the test animals determined from dermal toxicity studies (LD50) is greater than 2 grams per kilogram of body weight.
       
    2. Toxic: The probably lethal dose of undiluted product to 50% of the test animals determined from dermal toxicity studies (LD50) is greater than 200 milligrams and less than or equal to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight.
       
    3. Highly Toxic: The probably lethal dose of undiluted product to 50% of the test animals determined from dermal toxicity studies (LD50) is less than or equal to 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
       

    Inhalation Toxicity

    Ratings corresponding to the following definitions are derived from the test methods and categories of toxicity described in 16 CFR 1500.3.

    1. Non-Toxic: The probably lethal concentration of the undiluted product to 50% of the test animals (LC50) is greater than 200 milligrams per liter by volume when inhaled continuously for one hour or less.
       
    2. Toxic: The probably lethal concentration of the undiluted product to 50% of the test animals (LC50) is greater than 2 milligrams and less than or equal to 200 milligrams per liter by volume when inhaled continuously for one hour or less.
       
    3. Highly Toxic: The probably lethal concentration of the undiluted product to 50% of the test animals (LC50) is less than or equal to 2 milligrams per liter by volume when inhaled continuously for one hour or less.